These are some of the papers I have contributed to in recent years. If you would like to have a closer look then you can download most of them below. If you would like to discuss any of these papers then please feel free to contact me via the contact form on the home page.

Flower A, Harman K, Lewith G, Moore M, Bishop F.L. Stuart B, Lampert N. Standardised Chinese herbal treatment delivered by GPs compared with individualised treatment administered by practitioners of Chinese herbal medicine for women with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17:358  RUTI Protocol Trials 2017

Flower A, Lewith G, Liu JP, Gibbs R, Hicks J. Applying the principles of the Five Phase (Wu Xing) model to inform good practice for studies of Chinese Herbal Medicine. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2016; 8: 191-197. 5 Phases paper

Flower A, Wang LQ, Lewith G, Liu JP, Li Q. Chinese herbal medicine for treating recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD010446. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010446.pub2. CHM for RUTIs Cochrane review

Flower A, Winters D, Bishop F.L., Lewith G. The challenges of treating women with recurrent urinary tract infections in primary care: a qualitative study of GPs’ experiences of conventional management and their attitudes towards possible herbal options. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 2015;16(6):597-606. GP RUTI and herbal meds

Lo V, Flower A, Barrett P. What is past is prologue: The challenges of integrating a historical perspective of Chinese medicine and the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. J Ethnopharmacology. 2014  What’s past is prologue…

Flower A, Bishop FL, Lewith G. How women manage recurrent urinary tract infections: an analysis of postings on a popular web forum. BMC Family Practice. 2014;15 (1):1-8 How women manage RUTIs-website paper

McIntyre M, Lewith G, Flower A, Price S. Herbal drugs and public choice.

BMJ. 2014 Jun 24;348

Witt CM, Aickin M, Cherkin D, Che CT, Elder C, Flower A, Hammerschlag R, Liu JP, Lao L, Phurrough S, Ritenbaugh C, Rubin LH, Schnyer R, Wayne PM, Withers SR, Zhao-Xiang B, Young J, Berman BM; Collaborators. Effectiveness guidance document (EGD) for Chinese medicine trials: a consensus document. Trials. 2014 May 13;15(1):169. Comparative effectiveness CM Guidelines

Lai L, Flower A, Moore M, Prescott P, & Lewith G. Polycystic Ovary syndrome: A Randomised feasibility and pilot study using Chinese Herbal medicine to explore Impact on Dysfunction (ORCHID)—Study protocol. European Journal of Integrative Medicine.

2014; 6 (3): 392-399. Lai 2014 ORCHID study protocol EuJIM

Flower A, Lewith G, Liu JP, Li Q. Chinese herbal medicine for treating recurrent urinary tract infections in women (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD010446. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010446.

Cao H, Han M, Ng EH, Wu X, Flower A, Lewith G, Liu JP.

Can Chinese herbal medicine improve outcomes of in vitro fertilization? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PLoS One. 2013 Dec 10;8(12) CHM and IVF systematic review

Flower A,  Lewith G. 2012. A prospective case series exploring the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections, European Journal of Integrative Medicine, Available online 23 June 2012 EUJIM RUTIs Prospective case series

Flower A, Liu JP, Lewith G, Little P, Li Q. 2012a. Chinese herbal medicine for endometriosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD006568. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006568.pub3. Chinese herbs for endometriosis-cochrane

Flower A. 2012.Becoming a stakeholder: Herbal medicine, vampires, and the research process Journal of Herbal medicine 2 : 2 3 –2 5.Becoming a stakeholder-JHMED

Luo H, Li Q, Flower A, Lewith G, Liu JP. 2012. Comparison of effectiveness and safety between granules and decoction of Chinese herbal medicine: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Ethnopharmacology Vol 140;3:555–567.decoction vs granules review

Luo H, Li XX, Liu JP, Flower A, and Lewith G. 2012. Chinese Herbal Medicine in Treating Primary Sj¨ogren’s Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 640658. CHM and Sjogrens syndrome-systematic review

Flower A, Witt C, Liu JP, Ulrich-Merzenich G, Yu H, Lewith G., 2012. Guidelines for randomised controlled trials investigating Chinese herbal medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacol; 140: 550-554. Guidelines for RCTs

Flower A, Lewith G, Little P. A feasibility study exploring the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of endometriosis. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2011;17: 691-699. Flower, Lewith, Little – 2011 – A feasibility study exploring the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of endometriosis-annotated

Flower A, Lewith G, Little P. Combining rigour with relevance: a novel methodology for testing Chinese herbal medicine. J. Ethnopharmacology 2011;134:373－378.Combining rigour with relevance JEP

Chen S, Flower A, Ritchie A, Liu J, Molassiotis A, Yu H, & Lewith G. Oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review. Lung Cancer, 2010; 68(2):137-145. Chen et al. – 2010 – Oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer A sy-annotated

Flower A, Guanjian LGJ, Little P, Liu JP. Chinese herbal medicine for endometriosis. (Protocol) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2.

Flower A, Lewith G, Little P. Seeking an Oracle: Using the Delphi Process to Develop Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Endometriosis with Chinese Herbal Medicine. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. November 1, 2007, 13(9): 969-976.

Lewith G, Brien S, Barlow F, Eyles C, Flower A, Hall S, Hill C, Hopwood V:

The meaning of evidence: Can practitioners be researchers? Forsch Komplementmed

2009;16:343–347

Lewith G, Brien S, Barlow F, Eyles C,Flower A, Hall S, Hill C, Hopwood V:

The Context and Meaning of Placebos for Complementary Medicine. Forsch Komplementmed 2009;16:404–412

Zick SM, Schwable H, Flower A, Chakraborty B, Hirschkorn K.  Unique Aspects of Herbal Whole System Research. Explore (NY). 2009 Mar-Apr;5(2):97-103